𝚆𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚒𝚜 𝚌𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚛/ 𝙿𝚑𝚊𝚜𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚌𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚛/ 𝙳𝚊𝚝𝚊 𝚊𝚗𝚊𝚕𝚢𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚜 𝚊𝚋𝚘𝚞𝚝 𝚌𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚛/ 𝙶𝚛𝚊𝚙𝚑 𝚊𝚋𝚘𝚞𝚝 𝚌𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚛/ 𝙲𝚊𝚞𝚜𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚌𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚛/ 𝚃𝚢𝚙𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚌𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚛/ 𝙲𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚛 𝚍𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 & 𝙳𝚒𝚊𝚐𝚗𝚘𝚜𝚒𝚜/ 𝚃𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝙲𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚛/ 𝙼𝚘𝚜𝚝 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚘𝚗 𝚌𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚛 𝚊𝚏𝚏𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚜.

     CANCER

Cancer is the abnormal growth of body cells.

Bluish colour cell is cancer cell 

• It also defined as when the programming of the cell or a group of cells is affected, growth may become uncontrolled.
• It is a major cause of death all over the world.
• Cancer is one of the most dreaded disease in human beings.
• Study, treatment, diagnosis & prevention of cancer is called Oncology.
• Cancer cell is also called as Malignant cell.

FACTS DATA:-

• World's oldest documented case of cancer was found on PAPAS (Papyrus) from ancient Egypt in 15000 B.C.
• First patient of cancer is Scythian King.
• It was treated by destroying the tissue with a hot instrument called the fire drill. Today, it is known as Cauterization.
• First cancer was found in breast.
• First doctor who cure cancer with scientific methods was MAX GERSON [PHYSICIAN].

MAX GERSON IN 1966

• Max Gerson knew for his Gerson therapy,A directory based alternative cancer treatment.
• First doctor who cure cancer with using laser activated nanoparticles is Dr. Hadiyah-Nicole Green.

DR. HADIYAH-NICOLE GREEN IN 2020
AT AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH

Difference between normal cell & cancer cell

PHASES OF CANCER

Let me explain you from the basic- there are two phases of cell division that is S- Phase and M- Phase.

• S- Phase:- Division of one DNA into two DNA.
• M-Phase:- Division of one cell into two cells.

                                    G1------> S phase --------> G2 ---------> M phase

In between both phases of cells, there are two phases of cancer cell replicate itself that is - 

 (1) Proto oncogene:-

•  Proto oncogene controls metabolism of cell.
• It is responsible for formation of cell signaling factors.
• It is responsible for growth regulating factors,....etc

(2) Tumor suppressor gene:-

• Tumor suppressor gene works as cell cycle checkpoints.
• example- P53 gene----> P53 gene contains P53-proteins and present at G1 checkpoints.

MUTATION IN PROTO ONCHOGENE AND TUMOR SUPRESSOR GENE CAUSES CANCER.

Factors that causes cancer:- 

Data source-  American Cancer Society

There are 3 factors that causes cancer:-   1. Physical carcinogens

                                                                                        2. Chemical carcinogens

                                                                                        3. Biological carcinogens

AGENTS/ FACTORS THAT CAUSES CANCER, IS CALLED CARCINOGENS.

.

1. Physical carcinogens factors- 

• Ionising radiations {x rays & gamma rays}.
• Non ionising radiation {UV- Causes DNA damage}.
• Hard & soft materials.
• Fibrous particles & non fibrous particles.
• Gel materials

2. Chemical carcinogens factors-

• Tobacco, smoke & dust.
• Chronic irritations.
• Few well known factors- Nickel, Asbestos, Cadmium & Benzene like Asbestos workers who also smoke have a higher risk for lungs cancer.

3. Biological Carcinogens factors- 

• Cancer causing virus called oncogenic virus.
• examples- 

                            (i)  Human Papillomavirus {HPV}
                           (ii)  The epstein barr virus

                           (iii) Hepatitis B virus{HBP}

                           (iv) Human T- leukemia virus Type- I {HTLV-I}

TYPES OF CANCER:-

DATA ABOUT CANCER

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide counting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020.

The most common cases of cancer in 2020-

• Breast {2.26 Millions}
• Lungs {2.21 Millions}
• Colon & Rectum {1.93 Millions}
• Prostrate {1.41 Millions}
• Skin [Non- melanoma]  {1.20 Millions}
• Stomach {1.09 Millions}.

The most common cases of cancer causes deaths in 2020 were- 

• Lungs {1.80 Millions}
• Colon & Rectum {916,000}
• Liver {830,000}
• Stomach {769,000}
• Breast {685,000}.

EACH YEAR, APPROXIMATELY 400,000 CHILDREN DEVELOP CANCER.

THE MOST COMMON CANCER IN 23 COUNTRIES IS CERVICAL CANCER.

TAKE A LOOK TO THE GRAPH OF DEATH CAUSED BY CANCER

TAKE A LOOK TO THE GRAPH OF CANCER TYPE ACCORDING TO 2019 CENSUS-

CANCER DETECTION & DIAGNOSIS

1. Biopsy or G-I Endoscopy {To detect stomach & food pipe cancer}.
2. Histopathological studies {To detect head & neck cancer}.
3. CT Scan { X-rays uses to detect cancer at any part}.
4. Radiology {X- rays uses to detect cancer at any part}.
5. Mammography {X- rays uses to detect breast cancer}.
6. Papanicolaou test [Pap smear]- {To detect cancer in uterus & Kidneys.
7. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Image) -----> [Safest method to detect cancer].

                                                Data source_ Indian cancer society

TREATEMENT OF CANCER

There are mainly four types of cancer treatment:- 

1. Surgery
2. Radiation therapy {gamma rays uses}.
3. Chemotherapy {Anti cancer drugs uses & injections}        [examples- Vincristine & Vinblastine].
4. Immunotherapy { Alpha interferon uses}.

MOST COMMON ORGAN AFFECTING CANCER-

• Breast cancer
• Prostrate cancer
• Basal cell cancer
• Melanoma {Cutaneous melanoma}.
• Colon cancer
• Lung cancer {Adenocarcinoma}.
• Leukemia {Blood cancer}.
• Lymphoma { Cancer of white blood cells}.

we will discuss these in our next blog. Till then,

STAY HOME, STAY SAFE.